References

GCI Report (2020): 

https://www.itu.int/epublications/publication/D-STR-GCI.01-2021-HTM-E

EU Laws and Regulations:

Convention 108: https://rm.coe.int/1680078b37

1995 Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:31995L0046&rid=5

Electronic Signatures Directive 1999/93/EC: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:31999L0093&from=EN

2013 EU Cybersecurity Strategy: http://scm.oas.org/pdfs/2013/CP30782T.pdf

eIDAS Regulation: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32014R0910

NIS Directive: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32016L1148&rid=1

GDPR: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679

2019 Cybersecurity Act: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32019R0881&from=EN

2020 EU Cybersecurity Strategy: https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/eus-cybersecurity-strategy-digital-decade-0

2022 Digital Service Act: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32022R2065&from=EN

Artificial Intelligence Act (Proposal): https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:e0649735-a372-11eb-9585-01aa75ed71a1.0001.02/DOC_1&format=PDF

Data Governance Act (Proposal): https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52020PC0767&from=EN 

Digital Markets Act (Proposal): https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52020PC0842&from=en

Cyber Resilience Act (Proposal): https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/cyber-resilience-act

NIS2 Directive: https://www.nis-2-directive.com/European_Parliament_A_high_common_level_of_cybersecurity_in_the_EU.pdf

ENISA:

Pic 1: Cybersecurity Strategy of the European Union: An Open, Safe and Secure Cyberspace (p.16) -  http://scm.oas.org/pdfs/2013/CP30782T.pdf

Pic 2: https://www.enisa.europa.eu/about-enisa/structure-organization

Cyberattack Reports:

2018: https://www.lemhannas.go.id/index.php/berita/berita-utama/625-kepala-bssn-serangan-siber-perlu-menjadi-perhatian-dalam-meningkatkan-kewaspadaan-nasional

2019: https://repository.cips-indonesia.org/publications/341780/perlindungan-keamanan-siber-di-indonesia#id-section-content

2020: https://jurnal.kemendagri.go.id/index.php/mp/article/download/1095/524

2021 & 2022: https://tirto.id/bssn-serangan-siber-di-2022-menurun-dibanding-tahun-lalu-gBjW

Indonesia Laws and Regulations:

EIT Law 11/2008: https://www.icnl.org/wp-content/uploads/Indonesia_elec.pdf

Government Regulation 82/2012: http://www.flevin.com/id/lgso/translations/JICA%20Mirror/english/4902_PP_82_2012_e.html

Regulation of the Ministry of Defense 82/2014: https://www.kemhan.go.id/pothan/2016/10/25/permenhan-no-82-tahun-2014-tentang-pertahanan-siber.html

Amendment to EIT Law 19/2016: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/37582/uu-no-19-tahun-2016

Government Regulation No. 71/2019: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/122030/pp-no-71-tahun-2019

PDP Law 27/2022: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/229798/uu-no-27-tahun-2022

President Regulation 82/2022: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/211029/perpres-no-82-tahun-2022

Presidential Regulation 28/2021: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/165493/perpres-no-28-tahun-2021

Regulation of National Cyber and Encryption Agency 8/2020:  https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/174285/peraturan-bssn-no-8-tahun-2020

Regulation on National Cyber and Encryption Agency 9/2021: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/226093/peraturan-bssn-no-9-tahun-2021

Indonesia's Agencies: 

https://henbuk.com/buku/q2uezzss3?type=full ["Cybersecurity Policy in a Multistakeholder Perspective" book by Ministry of Communication and Informatics & ICT Watch]

The National Cyber and Encryption Agency:

Pic 2: https://bssn.go.id/organisasi-bssn/

National Cyber and Encryption Agency Regulations:

Regulation 28/2021: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/165493/perpres-no-28-tahun-2021

Regulation 8/2020: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/174285/peraturan-bssn-no-8-tahun-2020

Regulation 9/2021: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/226093/peraturan-bssn-no-9-tahun-2021

Singapore Law and Regulations:

1993 Computer Misuse Act: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Acts-Supp/19-1993/Published/19940315?DocDate=19930827#:~:text=An%20Act%20to%20make%20provision,and%20for%20matters%20related%20thereto.&text=1.,notification%20in%20the%20Gazette%2C%20appoint.

Infocomm Security Master Plan (2005-2007):                

Infocomm Security Master Plan (2008-2012):

2012 Personal Data Protection Act: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PDPA2012

The National Cyber Security Masterplan (2013-2018): https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Cybersecurity/Documents/National_Strategies_Repository/Singapore_2013_AnnexA.pdf

2013 Computer Misuse & Cybersecurity Act: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Acts-Supp/3-2013/Published/20130204170000?DocDate=20130204170000 

2016 Singapore Cybersecurity Strategy: https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Cybersecurity/Documents/National_Strategies_Repository/singapore_2016_cybersecuritystrategy.pdf

2018 Cybersecurity Act: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Acts-Supp/9-2018/#:~:text=An%20Act%20to%20require%20or,or%20related%20amendments%20to%20certain

2020 PDP (Amendment) Act: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Acts-Supp/40-2020/#:~:text=An%20Act%20to%20amend%20the,amendments%20to%20certain%20other%20Acts.&text=1.,by%20notification%20in%20the%20Gazette.

Guide on Managing and Notifying Data Breaches Under the PDPA: https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/-/media/Files/PDPC/PDF-Files/Other-Guides/Guide-on-Managing-and-Notifying-Data-Breaches-under-the-PDPA-15-Mar-2021.pdf?la=en

2021 Cybersecurity Strategy: https://www.csa.gov.sg/Tips-Resource/publications/2021/singapore-cybersecurity-strategy-2021

Cyber Security Agency:

Pic 1: https://www.mci.gov.sg/about-us/our-organisation/organisation-structure

Websites and Journals:

https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/-/media/Files/PDPC/PDF-Files/EU-GDPR/Broad-Comparison-of-the-PDPAs-Consent-Exceptions-with-EU-GDPRs-Legal-Bases-for-Processing-Personal-Data-1-Apr-2021.pdf

https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/help-and-resources/2021/03/comparison-of-pdpa-exceptions-to-consent-and-eu-gdpr-legal-bases

https://www.pwc.com/id/en/pwc-publications/services-publications/legal-publications/a-comparison-of-cybersecurity-regulations.html

https://www.asifma.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/asifma-jurisdictional-comparison-grid-of-data-protection-rules-v20200721-final.pdf

https://www.lh-ag.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/6_PDPA-Country-Comparison_RTnLKM.pdf

https://www.dataguidance.com/resource/comparing-privacy-laws-gdpr-v-singapore-pdpa#:~:text=The%20GDPR%20applies%20to%20both,public%20agencies%20from%20its%20scope

https://www.constructdigital.com/insights/gdpr-and-pdpa-whats-the-difference

https://www.mondaq.com/data-protection/1132236/data-privacy-and-cybersecurity--indonesia-singapore-law

https://www.mondaq.com/guides/results/16/191/all/1/singapore-cybersecurity-legal-framework

https://www.mondaq.com/data-protection/813224/a-brief-overview-of-the-eu-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339772044_NATIONAL_CYBERSECURITY_POLICY_IN_THE_US_AND_INDONESIA

https://law.asia/cybersecurity-indonesia/

https://thelawreviews.co.uk/title/the-privacy-data-protection-and-cybersecurity-law-review/indonesia

https://www.lh-ag.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/6_PDPA-Country-Comparison_RTnLKM.pdf

https://www.bepartners.co.id/file/download/36348402019%20legal500%20(indonesia)%20-%20data%20protection%20&%20cyber%20security.pdf

https://www.cliffordchance.com/content/dam/cliffordchance/briefings/2018/06/cyber-security-what-regulators-are-saying-around-the-world.pdf

https://www.sidley.com/~/media/files/publications/2014/11/the-privacy-data-protection-and-cybersecurity-la__/files/singapore/fileattachment/singapore.pdf

https://www.tifafoundation.id/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Tifa-Buku-Studi-Pendahuluan-Perbandingan-Rancangan-Undang-undang-Perlindungan-Data-Pribadi-dengan-Konvensi-Eropa-108-dan-GDPR.pdf

https://www.csa.gov.sg/Tips-Resource/publications/2021/overview-of-legislations

https://www.headmind.com/en/cybersecurity-in-the-eu-european-commissions-strategy-and-legislation/

https://cms.law/en/int/expert-guides/cms-expert-guide-to-data-protection-and-cyber-security-laws/singapore

https://www.enisa.europa.eu/events/ENISA-CCC/ccc-conference-slides/speaker-soon-chialim.pdf

https://www.csa.gov.sg/our-programmes/certification-and-labelling-schemes/cybersecurity-labelling-scheme